Analysis of Existing Products Essay Example for Free

Examination of Existing Products Essay In the plan brief I had expressed that I will make a thing which will empower me to guard my books neatly sorted out and. In the previous days I have looked on the Internet and in my encompassing network for existing items, which guard books sorted out and. All the sizes are adjusted. All the sizes are in inches. The various kinds of articles/things I have found are: * Open Bookshelf * Closed Bookshelf * Filing Cabinet * Portable Bookshelf * Multi Purpose Bookshelf Beneath I have depicted about the items I found for every particular articles. Configuration/Theme: Open Bookshelf Materials: Open Bookshelf can be made out of fundamentally anything. Wood, Metal (Steel), Marble, Plastic, Glass are for the most part the materials utilized for making a shelf. Be that as it may, the most well-known material utilized is Wood and Metal. These is on the grounds that they are the most grounded materials among recorded and furthermore are accessible in incredible amounts. Capacities/Purpose: The capacity and motivation behind an open shelf is to keep books. At the point when books are kept without acceptable consideration, they normally get in terrible quality. Another explanation the shelf does is that it permit the client to effortlessly discover his book, instead of experiencing heaps of books. Toughness: Since open shelves are produced using various materials, it relies upon what they are produced using. In the event that they are produced using wood, the solidness is high. Wood is a material, which keeps going long except if it is placed in a condition where nature can get to it. However, as my open shelf would be kept inside the room, or house, it will be sheltered and keep going quite a while. Though Metal has the most noteworthy sturdiness contrasted with the various materials. They don't get spoiled or parasite like wood and are not brittle like glass. They are solid and alluring looking. Marble is another solid material as well. Plastics are tough additionally, however relying upon what conditions they are under. Plastic can respond rapidly with heat and harmed without any problem. Be that as it may, as my shelf would be inside the house, it would not be enormously influenced by the daylights beams. So as it tends to be seen the vast majority of the materials used to make a shelf are significantly sturdy and in this way the item will likewise be solid. Models: Open Bookshelf are accessible in various sizes and various materials. I might want my open shelf to be of a medium size. The following are a few instances of Open Bookshelf. Ecological Impact? Social Significance? Individual Comments: I imagine that an open shelf is an incredible item. This is on the grounds that it satisfies my plan brief nearly. It permit books to be kept effortlessly put away. The Materials utilized in the item are acceptable aside from plastic and wood. Plastic is a material which isn't recyclable and that implies it is unsafe to the earth. Additionally while in the assembling procedure of plastic heaps of hurtful gases are left into the air. Wood is a decent material to use, as it is sturdy however cutting trees are creating it, which isn't useful for our condition. In this way these materials are destructive to nature. Shelves appeared above additionally have a decent shading as it matches with my home. However, the main thing awful about a portion of the shelves are their costs. Like the ones appeared over, some of them are over $500. Despite the fact that the materials are generally excellent, I think this cost is excessively costly. A large portion of the items have a decent size as they are medium. Be that as it may, some of them are excessively enormous. I feel the shelves on the most upper right are the best as their value, weight, size are for the most part under cutoff points. What's more, as it is produced using metal, the solidness is likewise high. I feel these items will be useful in taking care of my concern. In any case, on the off chance that I choose to utilize these open shelves, I am protecting my books sorted out however not. As the shelf is open, residue, bugs and every single other thing will be influencing the states of my books. Along these lines the open shelf doesn't completely satisfy my requirements. Sources: * http://www.staples.com/Catalog/Browse/SKU.asp?BCFlag=FalsePageType=1SKU=449571 * http://www.amazon.com/executive/obidos/tg/detail/ -/B000068E82/ref=ase_dealtime-das/104-1481322-3590320?v=glances=office-items * http://www.eofficedirect.com/quickship/qs_item.aspx?dept_name=%3cimg+src%3d%22%2fimages%2fsite%2fdash5.gif%22%3e%3cb%3e+Furniture%3c%2fb%3e+%7c+Bookcases+%7c+Woodsku_gp_id=11121selectedSection=%3cimg+src%3d%22%2fimages%2fsite%2fdash5.gif%22%3e%3cb%3e+Furniture%3c%2fb%3e+%7c+Bookcases+%7c+Woodhidden_pf_id=35270 * http://www.target.com/gp/detail.html/601-8170461-7335348?asin=B00005OU2X * http://www.target.com/gp/detail.html/601-8170461-7335348?asin=B000068XY1 * http://store.yahoo.com/iron-stylistic layout/bookcase.html * http://www.bettymills.com/cgi-container/store/index.cgi?exact_match=yeskeywords=SAF7174BLsearch_office_prods=1 * My own Open Bookshelf at my home (photo, the last photograph) * Brochure from a Furniture Exhibition Configuration/Theme: Closed Bookshelf Materials: Many materials can be utilized to make Closed Bookshelf. Be that as it may, the most widely recognized materials utilized are pine and oak for the fundamental structure. Handles, Glass and Hinges are likewise utilized for the ways to work. Capacities/Purpose: The capacity of this shut organizer is to keep books securely composed with shut ways to ensure it. As it has shut entryways it will stop dust and other destructive particles from harming the books. Sturdiness: Since they are produced using Wood they will keep going quite a while. Pine and Oak are viewed as probably the best sort of wood to be found and consequently they are truly sturdy. Models: Natural Impact? Social Significance? Individual Comments: I feel that shut shelf is a superior item than an open shelf. This is on the grounds that it gives assurance from dust particles and other destructive particles. So along these lines it satisfies my plan brief completely and takes care of my concern in the event that I decide to construct this further as an item. Much the same as the last item it permit books to be kept effectively put away. The materials, which are utilized to fabricate this item, is wood. Wood is an entirely sturdy material, and on the off chance that it is utilized to make shut shelf, this implies this item would keep going quite a while. Other than the center shelf the various shelf coordinate my shade of my room and in this way would look great in the event that I intend to produce something like this. All the items have a normal costs which is reasonable effectively, and I feel that these shelves merit the cash because of their materials too. This shut shelf would effortlessly fit into nature of Bangkok as they are made out of wood. Wood is a material, which can withstand the warmth and in this way wouldnt be harmed by the suns beams. Additionally the shut shelf has movable racks which implies that each kind of book can fit into the rack. These shut shelves are of a decent size, great cost, fit books effectively, coordinate my room and are alluring looking. So I figure fabricating a shut shelf will be extraordinarily advantageous in taking care of my concern. Sources: * http://www.staples.com/Catalog/Browse/SKU.asp?BCFlag=FalsePageType=1SKU=491233 * http://www.intrading.com/gujarati-board collection.html * http://www.homevisions.com/hvprod/prod_display1.asp?Product=43536partner=11clktru=1 * http://www.furnitureontheweb.com/NoFrame/items_direct/049117nf.html * Brochure from Furniture Exhibition Configuration/Theme: Filing Cabinet Materials: Filing Cabinets are generally produced using metal and now and again from wood related materials. Different materials required are handles and different materials to make the cabinet work. Capacity/Purpose: Filing Cabinets are typically utilized in Offices, Schools, and Hospitals to keep documents sorted out without any problem. In any case, these file organizers can likewise be utilized to keep books in themselves. Toughness: Since metal is utilized to make these cupboards, their solidness is widely high. On the off chance that they are produced using wood the strength is somewhat less yet will be high. Generally metal cupboards can last up to 6-7 years, whenever utilized with ordinary conditions like in an office. In any case, on the off chance that they are carried into contact with water, at that point their sturdiness can diminish. In addition as Thailand has a charming warm atmosphere, these file organizers will have a higher sturdiness contrasted with the ones utilized in places like Sahara desert. Models: Ecological Impact? Social Significance? Individual Comments: From my supposition a file organizer is a decent method of putting away books securely. Be that as it may, on the off chance that it is contrasted with different items I think it isn't justified, despite any potential benefits. This is on the grounds that in a file organizer, books can't be sorted out without any problem. In the event that I make a file organizer for myself, at that point it would require some investment to discover my books contrasted with and open shelf or a shut shelf. Typically file organizers are utilized for documents, and greater estimated books. In any case, the sort of books I have are books. Books are little and along these lines would meet the necessities for a file organizer. I think simply like different items, it will have the option to keep my books, and that too securely. Yet, the main burden is that it wouldnt be sorted out. Be that as it may, else it takes care of my concern somewhat and addresses all the necessities of my issue. In any case, the best part out of the entirety of the items as of recently is its size. The size of a file organizer is generally just until my midriff which the size I like. However, the different shelves I have referenced above are generally up till my head. This isn't what I like. Something else great about this item is its expense. The majority of the expenses of file organizers I found on the Internet are around the scope of $200. There are a few special cases, yet I think by and large the cost is sensible. The hues likewise accessible are acceptable uniquely dark, as it sticks out. From my sentiment nature in Thailand wouldnt hurt this bureau. Be that as it may, the file organizer may have a lower solidness because of the conditions it is utilized under. As the cabinet is pulled out consistently, the cabinet may get a lower sturdiness. Another explanation I figure this file organizer may have a lower strength is a result of my recklessness. While pulling t

Nurses floating to different specialized areas Essay Example for Free

Medical caretakers skimming to various specific territories Essay Conceptual: Floating is a staffing methodology that is viewed as an answer for the general issue of nursing lack. Gliding includes using attendants to work in various particular units. Coasting has its focal points in that it gives nurture an open door for generally speaking proficient turn of events and alleviates them from extra obligations, for example, assigning and staffing. Buoy medical caretakers stick to persistent consideration. In any case, as they need to work in units for which they are not adequately instructed or prepared, they get themselves insufficient in giving quality patient consideration. Additionally, it influences their general feeling of connectedness with their patients, their friends, and their strength division. Therefore, coasting of medical attendants is considered by numerous individuals as a danger to the two medical attendants and patients. In any case, more as of late, it has been discovered that the buoy medical caretaker can be prepared to address changed issues of specific units. This is made even more simpler when the buoy nurture experiences preparing for a bunch of firmly related claim to fame units. Asset groups are glide pools where forte of the medical attendant is perceived and preparing is given according to needs by the administration. Presentation: Nursing deficiency is one of the significant issues confronting the medicinal services segment of the United States. This is ascribed predominantly because of absence of eagerness among the youths today for seeking after nursing as a lifelong alternative and furthermore because of the rising populace. To counter the expanding requests of nursing, the idea of coasting has been presented in numerous medical clinics and clinical settings. Drifting is an extremely late marvel in nursing acquainted primarily due with issues, for example, staffing deficiencies and fluctuating evaluation (Dziuba-Ellis, 2006). Attendants are when all is said in done prepared to work specifically claims to fame. Be that as it may, working in various particular units expects them to experience broadly educating. This makes pressure the medical attendants and they lose their effectiveness and certainty of going to basically sick patients in particular divisions. Actually, when medical caretakers are skimmed to various specific units, both the attendants and the patients endure. While the medical attendants end up deficiently prepared to work in certain specific units, patients face the risk of careless or broken treatment. Appropriate investigation of issues engaged with coasting of medical caretakers to various specific units shows this is profoundly dangerous both from the perspective of attendants and the perspective of patients. This issue is especially important in today’s setting as the idea of having a buoy pool of medical attendants is touted as an answer for the mind-boggling national issue of nursing lack. This paper centers around the issue of skimming of medical attendants to different particular units in the United States †the explanations behind coasting, effect of such drifting on medical attendants, effect of gliding on patients and how to adjust this idea to the circumstance of nursing lack. This paper won't spread substitute answers for nursing lack. The gliding of expert attendants to new practice settings ought to be kept away from as it prompts perilous practice circumstances and if at all skimming is seen as absolutely basic, it must be guaranteed that it is permitted uniquely in crisis circumstances when an expanded interest for medical caretakers with general essential aptitudes is normal. Writing Review: The examination report titled Nursing Resource Team: An Innovative Approach to Staffing by Baumann et al (June 2005) contrasts the conventional buoy pools with asset groups and after nitty gritty investigation of the contextual analysis of the Nursing Resource Team at Hamilton Health Sciences from September 2002 until June 2004, presumes that asset groups as an inventive staffing technique makes open doors for all day work, and give medical attendants open doors for proficient turn of events. As indicated by Baumann et al, drifting is anything but another training. Nursing deficiencies that existed somewhere in the range of 1974 and 1979 lead to inventive staffing arrangements and drifting was one of them. In any case, skimming came to be known as asset group in 1981 when the term was first utilized in an article to depict the creation and association of a buoy pool (Baumann et al, 2005). Prior, skim pools or asset groups were utilized across Canada and the US to spare use, counter the deficiency of medical attendants, changes in understanding registration, sharpness, volume, and care requests. Baumann et al bring up that utilization of buoy pools/asset groups is frequently seen as a staffing system †one that encourages adaptable control of staff. Today, coast pools are to a greater extent an enrollment and maintenance system and this is demonstrated by an examination led by (Crimlisk et al, 2002). As opposed to this finding, nonetheless, specialists in Canada recommend drift staff don't fill maintenance needs. As per Baumann et al, the NRT approach is not quite the same as the buoy pool in that it perceives nursing skill. On account of buoy pools, a medical caretaker is viewed as a nonexclusive worked who can work with various patient gatherings and use numerous ranges of abilities. Further, the writing shows that buoy medical caretakers might be sent as either assistive or substitution staff. As indicated by an investigation by hierarchical improvement expert Suzanne C. Luongo, titled â€Å"Connectedness as a Motivator for Nurse Retention at the Bedside† (2004). It has been discovered that skimming is a disturbance to connectedness to patients and families, connectedness to companions and connectedness to organization of the establishment. This investigation depended on bunch meetings of staff medical caretakers who have been at the bedside for at least 5 years and have gotten high assessments. While the principal study concentrated on characterizing the idea of drifting and clarifying how it is applied in the nursing setting, the subsequent investigation raises the admonition that buoy medical attendants may not make the most of their activity in light of the fact that the activity removes the association that an attendant needs to create with the patients, the companions, and to the organization. At the point when medical attendants are moved through different particular units, they can't catch up on patients persistently; they can't frame stable fellowships among different attendants and won't structure any connection to any specific unit (Luongo, 2004). Crimlisk et al (2002) in their investigation titled â€Å"New graduate RNs in a buoy pool: A downtown medical clinic experience† center around the perspective on nurture supervisors and attendant instructors that new alumni RNs can't be remembered for a buoy pool. They want to have encountered medical attendants with different aptitudes. Nonetheless, the writers state that new alumni RNs are exceptionally energetic, prepared to-learn, instructively arranged and mentally animated however they don't have a lot of clinical experience. The creators present a program for preparing new alumni RNs to work on nursing in a buoy pool. It has been demonstrated that the program brought about a 96% standard for dependability Boston Medical Center Nursing Division (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Additionally, the program offered the clinical careful units a solid clinical help drift nurture, nursing supervisors a staffing arrangement in the midst of hardship, and the new alumni RN an expansive scope of clinical encounters making them progressively important individuals from the human services group. As per Crimlisk et al, this preparation model can be reproduced in different establishments. Accordingly, this investigation gives a positive way to deal with the unavoidable staffing arrangement of having a buoy pool of medical caretakers. Crimlisk reasons that new alumni medical caretakers who don't have the experience expected to turn into a buoy attendant ought to be prepared uncommonly to turn out to be increasingly adaptable and flexible (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Along these lines, this examination holds that gliding of medical caretakers to specific divisions doesn't really require just experienced attendants. With preparing, even recently graduated RNs can deal with different particular administrations in nursing. The article titled Full-Time or Part-Time Work in Nursing: Preferences, Tradeoffs and decisions by Jennifer Blythe et al (2005), audits authentic patterns in full-time and low maintenance work in the general workforce and among medical attendants specifically. The examination was directed at three instructing emergency clinics in Ontario with in excess of 400 beds and included 10 center gatherings of RNs and RPNs. Fourteen extra meetings were directed with emergency clinic chairmen who were learned about nursing work courses of action. As per this paper HR directors in all emergency clinics concurred that interest in full time staff spared â€Å"costs, gave better inclusion, higher responsibility, lower turnover and greater progression of vehicle and progressively stable connections in nursing and multidisciplinary teams† (Blythe et al, 2005). To build all day employments, the paper reports that one clinic offered a buoy pool of full time nurture in basic consideration, maternal-kid and clinical careful territories. This buoy pool was a piece of a preparation technique to help fledgling attendants to advance from clinical careful settings to expert regions with deficiencies. In any case, it was secured that these drifting positions offered uniquely to attendants with specific needs. The primary examination showed that buoy medical caretakers could be consumed as assistive or substitution staff. As indicated by the subsequent investigation glide medical attendants endure because of absence of connectedness while the third examination demonstrated that buoy attendants could be prepared to gain new abilities. In any case, regardless of such preparing and ingestion, this examination takes an unbiased stand that lone a few medical caretakers can appreciate the encounters that come through buoy occupations relying upon their requirements. While the absence of connectedness and absence of preparing are refered to be disheartening variables in drifting attendants, this investigation acquires a third edge †that of requirements of medical caretakers. Just attendants with specific needs might want drifting to various particular units. As indicated by the examination by Hugonnet et al (2004) titled â€Å"Nursing assets: a significant determinant of nosocomial contamination? † there is

An Entrepreneurs Story

An Entrepreneur’s Story Yesterdays New York Times had a nice piece about MIT alum Pat McGovern 59, Founder Chairman of International Data Group (IDG) (the worlds leading IT media, research and exposition company) and philanthropist behind such ventures as the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT. Im always interested in how such successful people get their start, and, as it is here, it is often a very interesting story. Read on: I was about 15 when I read Giant Brains, or Machines That Think, a step-by-step book on how computers work, written by Edmund Berkeley. It was one of the earliest books about computers, and I got it from a Philadelphia library around 1953. These machines could analyze data very quickly and give you insights into patterns in raw data. The idea excited me so much I took my savings from my paper route and went down to the local hardware store to get things to hand-wire a computer. I used doorbell wire, nails, light bulbs from flashlights, and colored cellophane, and built a computer. It would play tic-tac-toe. I entered it in a science fair and won a prize. That attracted the attention of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni organization in Philadelphia, and I ended up getting a scholarship to M.I.T. I was always interested in science and technology, and M.I.T. was the best school in that area. It was a dream I had to go there. When I was just entering my junior year at M.I.T., I saw a notice on the student bulletin board for a job opening as technical editor for the first computer magazine. The company was putting out a magazine called Computers and Automation with seven people. As it turned out, the magazine was created by the author of the computer book I had read at 15, Edmund Berkeley. I told him about reading the book. I got the job. That summer he said, Pat, I want you to go around and visit all the computer companies and computer engineers around the country. He gave me a special Greyhound bus pass that let me travel for three months. I took off from Boston and went from city to city across the country, visiting all the companies doing work on computers. I found it fascinating that as a journalist I could call up bright people doing work on computers and they would talk to me, give me their time, even though I was still only a student. After graduating from M.I.T., while still working at the magazine, I had an interview with the head of Univac, Louis Rader. At the time Univac was a unit of Sperry-Rand and the second-largest computer company. I asked him what his issues and concerns were. And he said, One of my biggest problems is that engineering keeps asking me for millions to develop new products, but I dont have the information on what the customers really need, what theyre going to actually buy. I knew at the time there were about 10,000 computer systems installed nationally, so I said, I could contact all the companies using computers, interview them and put together a profile. He said: That would be terrific. Thats what we need, a really good customer database. He said, How much? I said, $25,000. This was back in 1964. He said: Oh, no. Unacceptable. That would never be accepted at this company. I assumed he was looking for a cheaper price, so I said I could use high school students and maybe bring the figure down to $18,000. He said: No, Pat. No one would use the information when it came so cheap. If you said, $40,000, theyd say its high-quality information. I said, You mean the higher the price the more attractive the information is? He said Yes. He also suggested that I sell the information not only to him but also to other companies so the entire industry would have the information and grow faster. I called Edmund Berkeley and asked if he wanted to develop a market research activity. He said: No. If you want to do it, do it on your own. Over the weekend I wrote up a proposal to conduct this research, and I contacted companies that were likely to have computers. I sent the proposal out to 18 companies I had visited in the past, proposing they pay me $20,000 ?Æ'? 50 percent of the research fee ?Æ'? in advance. To my amazement 12 companies sent me checks for $20,000 each. I rushed to deposit the checks in my bank account, but the bank wouldnt accept them because they were made out to a company name I had made up, the International Data Corporation. I thought: Oh my goodness. What if someone already registered the name? Thank goodness, no one had. Three years later we started to put out a weekly newspaper called Computerworld.

The Theme Of Original Evil In Frankenstein - 1298 Words

The creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein deals with issues of free will and moral corruption as he deals with his isolation in the novel. A formative work in his education is John Milton’s Paradise Lost which deals with the same themes. Paradise Lost dramatizes the Biblical original sin, or the fall of man: the story of how evil entered God’s perfect world. It is the ultimate fall from innocence, and thus perfectly encapsulates the creature’s own fall. Paradise Lost also illustrates free will, as God explains that he gives his creatures the option to serve or disobey. The story relates the original sin in the context of the fall of Lucifer. Paradise Lost opens with demons discussing how they will continue their revolt against God, and†¦show more content†¦While first he blames his misery on God he admits in a soliloquy â€Å"since against his thy will/Chose freely what it now so justly rues† (Milton Book IV: 71-2) that his own free will is to blame for his turns in life. Victor’s creation similarly admits his own moral failings. He confesses to murdering William for the last name Frankenstein, to strike back against his creator. However, the creature falls more into the role of Victor’s Adam than his Lucifer. The monster himself recalls his creation as â€Å"like Adam †¦ united by no link to any other being in existence† (Shelley 90). His fall from grace came from his universal rejection. The monster did not receive an option to take a forbidden fruit; his very creation was his own fall. He asks Victor, â€Å"Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? God in pity made man beautiful and alluring, after his own image; but my form is a filthy type of your’s, more horrid from its very resemblance† (Shelley 91). The creature recognizes his role as Victor’s Adam. He is originally kind and wants simple to be accepted but is judged as evil because of his appearance. He tells Victor â€Å"when I looked around I saw and heard of none like me† (Shelley 83), highlighting his isolation and loneliness. Much like Adam, he has no companionship and is wholly unlike all before him. Unlike Adam, the creature wakes up with no guidance from hisShow MoreRelatedWho is the Villain in the Frankenstein? Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesMary Shelley is the original playwright of Frankenstein and it has been adapted since then by Phillip Pullman. Mary wrote it in 1818 and it was first performed in 1988, at the Polka Childrens theatre in Wimbledon. In the play, a doctor called Victor Frankenstein created life from an experiment, a monster, and although Frankenstein had intended the monster (who wasnt to be called the monster) to be a kind, caring and loving creature, the way the villagers treated him and turned away in disgustRead MoreAnalysis of the Creation Scene from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Kenneth Branagh’s 1994 Film Version912 Words   |  4 PagesScene from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Kenneth Branagh’s 1994 Film Version One of the key themes in Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein’ is human arrogance. Frankenstein’s curiosity leads him to play the role of God. In a way Frankenstein is responsible for the monster and has ultimately become a father figure to the monster. Frankenstein abandoning the monster leads up to it turning evil and looking for revenge. Therefore, parenting is another theme in the novel. The natureRead MoreDr. Mary Shelly s Frankentein And The 1994 Adaptation Of The Novel 1176 Words   |  5 Pagessame. The changes of how people died is one major difference that Branagh had taken away from the original novel. In the book, Victors mother dies from scarlet fever that she has gotten from Elizabeth. As quoted from the book, â€Å"She died calmly, and her countenance expressed affection even in death. I need not describe the feelings of those whose dearest ties are rent by that most irreparable evil, the void that presents itself to the soul, and the despair that is exhibited on the countenance.†Read MoreFrankendoodle And Frankenstein1079 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classic science fiction novel. In this essay I will consider the similaritiesRead MoreA Comparison Of Frankendoodle And Frankenstein1199 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Frankendoodle† in Comparison to the Original text â€Å"Frankenstein† Frankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. 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There are many similarities and differences between the book and Kenneth Branaghamp;#8217;s adaptation of the book. I believe Mary Shelley wanted readers to catch the themes of child abandonment, presented in Victor abandoning his creature. She also wanted readers to have compassion and sympathy for the abandoned creature that VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1337 Words   |  6 PagesAfter almost two hundred years of adaptations, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been virtually lost to pop culture references and mutations in story through film and other forms of media. All the different changed of the story has actually taken the original story of its As a result of so many different stories, all that is left is totally different version of the original creature. 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The theme of knowledge is atRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein - Societal Changes in Film2491 Words   |  10 PagesA Look at the Story of Frankenstein and the Societal Changes in Film Frankenstein’s monster, a misunderstood creation fabricated by Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley’s classic story, has been terrorizing readers and audiences alike for well over one hundred and fifty years. Since the story was first written in 1818, there have been numerous plays, and over one hundred films, each adaptation trying to portray its own vision of the original story. Mary Shelley came to create â€Å"the prototype

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome During Pregnancy - 1064 Words

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome During Pregnancy What is a chronic Fatigue Syndrome? CFS or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis- ME and as Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome -CFIDS) as the name express, chronic means long term and fatigue means tiredness, is characterized by extreme tiredness that will not pass off by taking rest. What are the symptoms of CFS? The symptoms of CFS vary from person to person. The most common symptom is tiredness, which is very severe that it will affect your daily life activities. Other symptoms are: 1. Muscle pain 2. Frequent head ache 3. Frequent sore throat 4. Sleep disorders 5. Experiencing extreme tiredness for more than 24 hour, after some physical or mental activities. 6. Un refreshing sleep 7. Enlarged lymph nodes in armpit and neck 8. Joint pain without redness or swelling 9. Lack of concentration What are the causes of CFS during pregnancy? The reasons for CFS during pregnancy is still unknown. 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Political and Economic System Free Essays

World Geography and Culture Spain Analysis of the Political and Economic Systems Table of Contents I. Introduction (abstract) II. Political System a. We will write a custom essay sample on Political and Economic System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Type of Political System b. Structure of the Government c. Identify a current law/policy law d. Impact on society III. Economic System a. Type of economic system b. Identify a current economic issue c. Government role in address the issue d. Impact on society IV. Compare Contract a. Economic issue country of origin V. Conclusion Abstract In this essay, I had to assume the role of a politician and an economist. The country of Spain has many different political issues that can impact the society based on the structure of the government. The economic issues can impact the society based on how the government decides to deal with it. I also had to compare and contrast the current economic and political issue in my country of origin which is Puerto Rico to Spain’s economic and political issue. Introduction Spain also known as the kingdom of Spain is a beautiful country with a very appealing geography, history, culture, economy, missionary effort, and state capitol. Spain’s political system is parliamentary monarchy. Spain has many different political and economic issues that can impact the society. Most of these issues can be deal by the government. Sometimes other countries can be compare and contract its political and economic issues to other countries. Political System Spain’s government is parliamentary monarchy. The most important task of the constitution was to devolve power to the regions, which were given their own governments, regional assemblies and supreme legal authorities. The central government retains exclusive responsibility for foreign affairs, external trade, defense, justice, law (criminal, commercial and labour), merchant shipping and civil aviation. Spain has been a member of the United Nations (UN) since 1955, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 1982 and the European Union (EU) since 1986, and is also a permanent observer member of the Organization of American States (OAS). Spain has three branches of government which includes the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch. The Senate has 259 members, directly elected by a first-past-the-post system. Each province provides four members plus additional members in the Balearic and Canary islands, where extra members represent the various islands, making a total of 208 members. The 17 autonomous regions also elect one senator each and an additional member for every million inhabitants, totaling a further 51 members. The Senate has the power to amend or veto legislation initiated by Congress. Under Spanish law, the official result of a general election is made public five days after the vote, in order to allow sufficient time for recounts and disputed results. After the members have been sworn in, the King of Spain meets with the party leaders and asks one of them to form a government, which must then be ratified by parliament. The leader of the party of government becomes the president of Spain and has his official residence in the Moncloa Palace in Madrid. The role of citizens in Spain is that they have to be born of a Spanish mother or father. A person born in Spain of foreign parents if neither of them has Spanish nationality or if neither of the parents’ legislations confer a nationality to their children. Spain has many political issues. One political issue is during the last few years has been corruption among public officials, including illegal financing of political parties, tax avoidance, fraud, bribery, trying to keep a place or someone in the residential institution, nepotism, misappropriation of public funds, illegal patronage, influence-peddling and kickbacks. Spain has been described (in the Spanish press) as the most corrupt society among the original 15 members of the EU and corruption permeates political and public life at every level. This problem is affecting the Marbella council on a massive scale, involving tens of millions of euros pocketed by council officials. Economic System Spain’s economy is a well-based way to equally spread money to all of the people. Some of Spain’s natural resources include coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin; hydroelectric power. Spain’s currency is the European Union euro. Spain’s imports include machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments. In 2011, the amount of money that Spain received for imports was $364. 9 billion. Some of Spain’s exports include machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods. In 2011, the amount of money that Spain received for exports was $309. 6 billion. The gross domestic per capita is thirty three thousand six hundred euros a year. In labor force 2. 4 percent goes to agriculture, 24 percent to industry, and 71. 1 percent to services. Spain came out in the number one position because it is a sunny country, because its citizens enjoy shorter working hours and more days holiday, because energy and lifestyle costs are lower, because the government invests into education and healthcare, because the average age at which people die is higher than in most of Europe and because overall, living in Spain ensures you have a better quality of life. Spain has many economic issues. One economic issue is that the Spanish banks’ high exposure to the collapsed domestic construction and real estate market also poses a continued risk for the sector. The government oversaw a restructuring of the savings bank sector in 2010, and provided some $15 billion in capital to various institutions. Investors remain concerned that Madrid may need to bail out more troubled banks. The Bank of Spain, however, is seeking to boost confidence in the financial sector by pressuring banks to come clean about their losses and consolidate into stronger groups. Puerto Rico doesn’t have political and economic issues similar to Spain. One reason Puerto Rico political issue is not similar to Spain because Puerto Ricans do not have representation in the U. S. Senate and no voting representation in Congress. Instead, the 4 million U. S. Citizens of Puerto Rico only have one â€Å"Resident Commissioner† who cannot even vote on the House floor. Therefore, Puerto Ricans have no say in the making of the laws and statutes that apply to them. Even though the U. S. Supreme Court has absolute jurisdiction over Puerto Rico, Puerto Ricans do not have representation in the U. S. Senate to cast an up or down vote on Supreme Court nominees. In the end, Puerto Rico is governed by a Congress in which they are not allowed to participate in, an Executive whom they did not elect, and a Judiciary whose justices they did not confirm. The 4 million U. S. Citizens of Puerto Rico are not allowed to fully participate in the democratic process of their nation. One reason Puerto Rico economic issue is not similar to Spain because recently in Puerto Rico the economy has suffered budget cuts from U. S. The Puerto Rican economy has depended heavily on the tax incentives given to U. S. mainland companies and on federal transfers. Conclusion There were many different things that I learned about Spain’s Political and Economic Systems. One thing that I found interesting was that Spain has the ninth largest economy in the world. Another thing that I found interesting was that Spain was originally a constitutional monarchy but over time became a parliamentary monarchy. How to cite Political and Economic System, Papers

Business and Sustainability for Social Media - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss aboutt theBusiness Ethics and Sustainabilityfor Social Media. Answer: Introduction The management of the modern business entity will be judged by the actions taken in the course of doing business and the impact on the environment in which the business is operating. Ethics in business affects the decisions that will be taken by the management and the leadership of such organizations. Ethics in business is concerned with ensuring practices that will ensure best practices that are sustainable in the long term. Thus business ethics will ultimately lead to practices that are good and legal yet without a legal obligation. The business ethics will be closely linked to the shareholders and their rights, ethical issues affecting employees, impact in the environment and responsibility in production and sourcing. This holistic approach to business coupled with ethical decisions will lead to the business being run sustainably is a universal ideal that requires a universal code of ethics for global business (Leach 2012) and can be achieved as seen from the UN Global Compact pri nciples of doing business. Is a universal Code of Ethics for Global Business needed and is it Possible? The answer to the above question will be answered by holistically incorporating responses from several case studies as well as interrogating the application of theories on ethical business. The answer to the question is that there is a need for universal codes of ethics which are global and can be achieved by knowledge dissemination and training as well as setting minimum standards for doing business. The UN Global Compact is one such ideal code of conduct which can be applied universally. The principles that underpin the UN Global Compact will also be used as a reference point as to whether the ethical business theories espoused can be applied universally and the limitations that may arise. The case studies in consideration are taken from the book by Crane and Matten and are from chapters 3,6,7,8 and 9. The answers to the ethical dilemma posed by the case studies will be used as a consideration to answering the above question. Background Theories There are two theories that underpin the ethics that are applicable to business ethics. The first theory can be referred to as descriptive and attempts to give a description of the moral systems of a group of people or society. The descriptive theory involves research that is empirical that is undertaken on individuals and societies. The theory integrates topics that cover the relativism of moral systems, values, the concepts of right and wrong as well as ethical ideals (Jaunich 2012). The other theory is the normative theory that proposes to prescribe the correct moral way of acting while doing business (Crane Matten 2016). These are the rules that help us to differentiate the concepts of right and wrong as well as answering two important questions: how are men expected to behave and what is the ideal good life for men. There are several theories under the normative concept and include the ethical absolutism theory that was developed under the traditional ethical theories European philosophers. The ethical absolutism theory postulates that there are moral principles that are universally applicable to concrete contexts and situations (Fryer 2016). The consequentialist ethical theory bases moral judgment on the outcomes of an action that is taken. The corollaries attached to this theory are that right or wrong depends on the results of the action that is taken. Another theory is the utilitarianism theory that posits that an action is morally right if the outcomes will result in the greatest good happening to the greatest amount of people. The main corollary attached is that the goodness or badness of the agent is separated from the rightness or wrongness of the action. Other theories include the deontological theory, the virtue theory (Holland Albrecht, 2013) and the ethical relativism theory. The UN Global Compact The UN global compact has ten principles that are the foundations expected of companies that run their operations sustainably. These ten principles are expected to be incorporated into the policies, values and strategies of an ethically responsible business entity (UN 2017). The principles are broadly defined within four parameters which are: human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption. The human rights parameter has two principles which are that businesses should respect and support international human rights and also ensure they are not complicit to the abuses of such rights. Four principles fall under the labor parameter which is that businesses should recognize the right to collective bargaining for workers as well as the freedom of association.fro the workers. Another principle is that businesses should eliminate forms of labor which are compulsory and forced the abolition of child labor and eliminating practices of discrimination in respect to employment (UN 2017). Three principles under the environment parameter are that businesses should be cautious in their approach to environmental challenges while doing business. They should also be involved in initiatives that promote environmental responsibility and encourage technologies which are environmentally friendly. The anti-corruption parameter carries the principle of eliminating all forms of corruption, including bribery and extortion. Case Study- Producing Toys; Childs Play The background to this case study is the setting of production to manufacture the confectionery which is unconventional and uses child labor. While the previous manufacturer in Portugal operated a conventional workshop or factory, the Thai manufacturer has no workshop but rather outsources the work to families who work communally to produce the finished goods (Crane Matten 2016). While the quality may be the same as the Portuguese manufacturer, there is an ethical dilemma raised as to the use of child labor. The dilemma is that from the point of view of the product manager, child labor is outlawed under the UN labor principles dealing with child labor. Based on the virtue theory, the manager feels guilt (Wang, Cheney Roper 2016). while purchasing gifts for his nieces when imagining they could be in a similar situation as child laborers. The dilemma is compounded in that this practice is widespread and accepted within the Thai culture but is wrong from the culture of the manager. The theory of ethical relativism would allow the use of child labor in the Thai culture since this practice is right within their norms but the same would be wrong within the culture of the manager. Thus the need for a universal code of conduct would be needed to bridge the gap between what is accepted within one culture and another so that the universal code becomes the equalizing consideration as to what is morally right and acceptable. Case Study- who cares whose Shares The ethical dilemma in this case study is seen in the manager working for PCC in light of the confidential information that he has access to (Rossouw 2011). The information should be kept confidential and he has a moral obligation to keep the same. He can also use the discretionary information to sell his shares and make a profit out of this information. He is also under the dilemma of whether to inform his best friend who will potentially use the same information to also make a profit by advising his clients to dispose of the shares of PCC (Crane Matten 2016). The theory of ethical absolutism is applicable in this context due to the right s and responsibilities expected of a shareholder. The manager being a shareholder has a right to sell their shares to others while they also have the responsibility of not misappropriating nonpublic confidential information to trade their shares ( Petrick, Cragg Sanudo 2011). The misuse of such information constitutes insider trading which is an absolute unethical and morally wrong. Coupled with the UN principles of anti-corruption, the insider trading is a considered form of corruption as well as there is an implied implicit form of human rights abuse to the other shareholders who are not privy to this information. Thus the need of a universal code that would prohibit and hold persons accountable who are engaged in such practices is needed. Case Study- off your Face on Facebook The moral dilemma in this case is whether to use the information gleaned from the social media site Facebook and use it as part of the critical process to make the decision as to whether to hire the lady in question (Crane Matten 2016). While the information from the social media site is not acknowledged under law (Beasley Haney 2013) as being part of the interview process, it carries with it information that if ignored could impact the company negatively if negatively broadcasted by potential competitors. The use of the utilitarian theory would be applicable in this case as the decision by the human resource manger will produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people. This would include the company, the shareholders, and the people under the trial as well as for the current employees (Strand 2014). The decision to hire the applicant with lesser qualifications but deemed to have better moral values will thus result in greater good for more people. The need for a universal code of conduct in business that is ethical is needed so as to ensure that the use of social media can be used with discretion while protecting the right of workers to associate, more so during non working hours. The code would thus balance the right of the worker while at the same time ensure that the rights of the employer are not disregarded for their mutual good. Case Study- whats an Organic Label Worth There are ethical issues involved when goods are labeled as organic from the perspective of the consumer. The organic label implies that the goods are produced in an ecologically sustainable and ethical way (Crane Matten 2016). The implied ethics could be in relation to the treatment of the animals which is ethical and the use of crop husbandry practices which are ethically and environmentally sound. There is also the dilemma posed by the production of food organically as it carries long-term challenges of ultimately being more destructive (Crane Matten 2016) to the environment through more land required to produce the same amount of food through conventional means. The organic labeling also encourages certification of food that is fraudulent and misleading to the consumer. A consumer purchasing on the eco label might consume food contaminated with pesticides while paying a premium for a lie (Thompson 2015). The moral rights theory that gives the right to life and safety is a right that is often violated within the organic foods industry by the production of food which is unsafe and dangerous while at the same time degrading the environment (Zsolnai 2011). A universal code of ethical conduct in business would lead to certification that is also universal with the same quality expectations in every country of origin. This would eliminate unethical certification and outright fraud within the industry. Case Study- Uzbek cotton- a new spin on Responsible Sourcing The ethics of sustainable sourcing is increasingly important aspect of doing business especially for companies that source for their raw materials globally (Akkucuk 2017). The case study on Uzbek goes to show that the use of raw materials that have been grown or sourced within practices deemed to be unethical is no longer acceptable (Crane Matten 2016). Companies that are keen to do business ethically will endeavor to establish a chain along its different suppliers who do not infringe upon the minimum expected standards of doing business (Seay 2015). This may include not using child labor, use of forced labor or payment of wages which are considered as slave wages. This applies also to operations which are run as sweatshops in order to reduce the cost of production. The Uzbek case study is important to show how more than 150 companies who are guided by a universal code of conduct decided to boycott purchasing Uzbek cotton in order to enforce change on production practices (James 2015). This led to the abolition of child labor below 16 years of age and which is one of the principles espoused under the UN Global compact. The principle of eliminating child and forced labor is underpinned by the consequentialist theory of certain outcomes following a particular course of action. In this case the use of child and forced labor had the consequences of Uzbek cotton being boycotted. In conclusion, the need for a universal code of ethics for global business is needed in order to ensure that certain standards of doing business are respected across the globe. This will safeguard against differences of what is considered morally right or wrong in different societies as seen in the case study of the Thai manufacturer. The need is also seen in the expected rights and responsibilities of shareholders who are privy to nonpublic information and how to use it ethically. The need for standardized code of ethics for employers is also seen where a code of conduct in the hiring process will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The need for a universal code is not only needed but possible by enacting codes such as the UN Global Compact for doing business which will give companies the moral backbone in making decisions not only to protect their brand reputation but to also ensure they run their business sustainably. References Akkucuk, U. 2017, Ethics and sustainability in global supply chain management. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Beasley, B., Haney, M. R. 2013. Social media and the value of truth. Lanham, MA: Lexington Books. Crane, A., Matten, D. 2016, Business ethics: managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Fryer, M. 2016, "A Role for Ethics Theory in Speculative Business Ethics Teaching", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 79-90. Holland, D. Albrecht, C. 2013, "The Worldwide Academic Field of Business Ethics: Scholars' Perceptions of the Most Important Issues", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 777-788. James, M.L. 2015, "Voluntary Sustainability Reporting: A Case Exploring Ethical, Regulatory, And Strategic Considerations", Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 91-96. Jaunich, G.J. 2012, Ethics and business decision-making, The College of St. Scholastica. Leach, M. M. 2012, The Oxford handbook of international psychological ethics. New York, Oxford University Press. Petrick, J., Cragg, W., Saudo, M. (2011). Business Ethics in North America: Trends and Challenges. Journal of Business Ethics, volume 104, pp.51-62. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41476057 Rossouw, G. 2011, A Global Comparative Analysis of the Global Survey of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 93-101. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41476061 Seay, S.S. 2015, "Sustainability Is Applied Ethics", Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 63-70. Strand, R. 2014, "Strategic Leadership of Corporate Sustainability", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 687-706. Thompson, P. B. (2015), From field to fork: food ethics for everyone. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. UN, 2017.The ten principles of the UN Global Compact. [online] Available at: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles [Accessed 31 May 2017] Wang, Y., Cheney, G. Roper, J. 2016, "Virtue Ethics and the Practice-Institution Schema: An Ethical Case of Excellent Business Practices", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 67-77. Zsolnai, L. 2011, "Environmental ethics for business sustainability", International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 892-899.

War And Peace Essays - French Invasion Of Russia, War And Peace

War And Peace War and Peace The famous Russian author Leo Tolstoy wrote War and Peace in 1865. It is a story about the lives of the Russian royal family from 1805 to 1815. This book depicts things and events that happened during the war. The novel describes the war with Napoleon in which many countries were involved such as Russia, Austrian, Prussia, Spain, Sweden, and Britain. However, the novel mainly focuses on Russia. It reflects the different views and participation in the war of Russian aristocracy. Showing the war, Tolstoy describes Napoleon's attack on Russia, the battle of Borodino, the slow retrieval of the Russian army, the conquest of Moscow by Napoleon, the fire in Moscow, and the retrieval of Napoleon's army during a deadly winter. Napoleon had to retreat from Russia under attacks by Russian peasants and horsemen on those who fell behind. His army also suffers from cold and hunger, since the Russians destroyed all food supplies. The takeover of Moscow by Napoleon proved to be useless, and in the long run, destroyed a large part of his army. Alongside with these historical events, Tolstoy describes the different classes of Russian society in the terms of their participation in the war and what kind of an impact war had on their lives. In the beginning of the novel, the Russian aristocratic class, which was in the czar's circle, wanted Russia to participate in the war. They wanted a quick victory and pride for the Russian nobility. They did not anticipate that the war would destroy homes, agriculture, and take many Russian lives. There are the good people, and of course, the bad. The good people being Natasha Rostov, a teenage girl who grows and matures throughout the book and Pierre Bezuhov, the son of Kirill Vladmirovitch Bezuhov, who speaks much of the novel expressing his purpose on earth. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, the leader of the Bolkonsky family and a great war hero. The bad people are the protagonists themselves, as they torment themselves and Napoleon Bonaparte, (who, by some, is believed to be an impostor) the emperor and military leader of France, whom is bent on world domination. The Secondary characters are the families of Bolkonsky and Kuragin, Anna Pavolvna, a famous St. Petersburg socialite and Kutuzof, the military leader of the Russian forces. This class is shown in Anna Pavlova Sharer's salon, with its upper class aristocracy, who talk only in French, viewing the Russian language as uncivilized and useful only for peasants. They adopted French culture and wear French style clothing, and at the same time they want to fight Napoleon. However, the majority of this class doesn't want to participate themselves in the war, but want to win the war with the hands of the peasants. These aristocrats, despite their high education and power, will do nothing to help win the war. They live like parasites on the body of Russia's society. This is how Tolstoy describes this class in general, but he also depicts two representatives of this upper class, Andrew Bolkonsky and Pierre Bisuhov, who were the more intellectual ones, and whose lives and views of war and life changed as the result of the war. Depicting the Rostov family, who were also wealthy nobles, but were not in the czar's circle and lived in rural parts of Russia, Tolstoy showed a typical Russian family who were devoted to their country and Russian traditions. All of Tolstoy's sympathy is on their side and he presents them in a positive way. They sing Russian folklore, which the higher aristocrats would not dream of doing. Depicting this class, Tolstoy describes simple and eternal problems such as birth, love, forgiveness, and death. The main national characteristics are in the Russian peasants. Through these people, who hate war, we are shown that they are forced to participate in the war because the have no other choice. They show real heroism during war. Captain Tushin and a soldier, Timohin, give their lives to save their army. Historical figures such as Napoleon and Kutuzov oppose the views of the aristocratic class in the czar's circle. This class of people didn't like Kutuzov, who became the general of the Russian army. They thought he was too

Conecting history essays

Conecting history essays Throughout history, there have been rules that all people live by. The most important one can be shortened into two words supply and demand. For example if the people of a society suddenly demand the streets to be different colors, and if enough people or powerful people started demanding green left turn lanes the government will send a crew out with an assortment of colored paint to paint the streets. Even though color-coding traffic lanes seems like an ridiculous idea that would not help with any traffic problems, it could be done if there is enough power behind this demand. A good example of a situation where one man used his power to get what he wanted is the crusades. The Crusades were military expeditions planned and carried out by western European Christians. The crusades started around 1100. The purpose of these crusades was to overtake and gain control of the holy land of Jerusalem from the Muslims. The Christians believed that control of Jerusalem was their god given right. The pope (One of the big ringleaders) would gather the people together and incite them. Eventually the crusaders were sent out to recover what they thought was theirs. The crusades also provided almost nothing for the Christians therefore much time and money was wasted on them. The crusades are a perfect example of one man using his powers to gain something he personally desired. A good example of people that were powerless individually but because of their strength in numbers was able to demand reform. The French Revolution was a social revolution caused by the growing middle class. The Revolution caused a change of power in the government. The power went from the kings and nobles to the people of the country. During the revolution the Declaration of the Rights of Man was created. This declaration stated: All men are created equal, natural rights of liberty, security, property, and resistance to oppression were given to all citizens, ...

Service Level Agreement Revisions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Level Agreement Revisions - Coursework Example The data should not be used for any other purpose without the explicit consent of Finman and its client. Datanal and Nineretek will be responsible for any unauthorized use of the data caused intentionally or unintentionally by their employees. In case of any such breach the two companies will be liable to indemnify Finman and its client according to the value of the data which will be agreed to by the parties in advance. Ownership of Work Product It is hereby stated that all the work carried out by Datanal and Mineretek for Finman will be the intellectual property of Finman unless and otherwise joint ownership of the product has been agreed. Any advancement made in the software or hardware during the duration of the project will also be owned by Finman. Datanal and Mineretek will be given licenses to use the advances during the project but its use for some other client is restricted without procurement of a license from Finman for the same. Any patented product, hardware or software which belongs to Finman and is used by Datanl and Mineretek for the duration of the project will be licensed to be used by them only till the SLA is in force. All such licenses will terminate with the expiry of the SLA unless otherwise agreed upon. Non-Solicitation It is hereby agreed by all the parties involved that they will not solicit employees from each other for the duration of the SLA and also for a period of 2 years after the completion of the Slain the case of any exception a no-objection needs to be taken by all the parties involved in the SLA. There is no restriction placed on soliciting of employees of the client’s of Finman, Datanal and Mineretek .However all parties have a liability to inform the other parties in case such a hiring is made and not down the objections if they are raised. Justification of the additions The first addition is regarding the data which belongs to the client’s of Finman. Finman has a number of clients and the employees of Datana l and Mineretek will be expected to use client data as well as work at client’s location. Their behavior in client location was already controlled by the SLA given but it was not stated about what happens if there is any misuse of the Client’s data. (Gbodossou, 2003)The client will certainly hold Finman responsible for any loss of data. So the first clause also makes the other two firms responsible and makes them liable for any breach caused by their employees. The second addition makes Finman the sole owner of every patent that is filed or any innovation done during the enforcement of the Slathers not only makes the terms of engagement clear but also clarifies that Datanal and Mineretek will be paid for their services but will not be the owner of the final product. This provision is unlikely to be a hindrance in the joint efforts as it has been stated that any innovation can be jointly owned if it has been agreed upon by the parties. The second clause further goes on to protect the developments made and the patents which are already in the name of finman as it clearly states that the other 2 parties are licensed to use them during the SLA but cannot be used once the SLA ceases to be in force. (Shiva, 2001) The last addition is regarding non-solicitation of each other’s employees. In today’s world human resource is as important as any other intellectual property that the company posses. Loss of a key employee can have a negative effect on the company’

M6A2-Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M6A2-Conflict - Essay Example Leadership also helps in influencing the efforts of the conflicting parties and ensuring that parties take the responsibility of ending the conflict (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). Leadership also ensures that all parties involve participate in decision-making through provision of opportunities to express their won perspectives, feelings and points of view regarding the conflict (Lansford, 2008). I have learned that leadership in conflict management must aim at proper planning of meeting schedules, installing shared beliefs and strengthening social cohesion. Accordingly, leadership will enable conflict experts adequately identify tasks, differing interests or objectives that require cooperation in ending conflicts (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). From my interview with Professor Marco Turk, I have acknowledged that values play an important role in conflict resolution. The Professor agreed that personality traits, beliefs and perceptions of the conflicting parties might either hinder or foster success ful conflict resolution. I agree that openness to new challenges, open-mindedness, and cooperative values will foster shared goals during the conflict resolution process among the conflicting parties (Jeong, 1999). ... Values such as emotional intelligence, self-awareness and emotional stability helps the conflicting parties minimize negative perceptions or aggressive behaviors such as verbal attacks that may compromise the process (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). My modified personal working model for conflict resolution is ideal for interpersonal conflict as well as group-to-group situation conflict (Jeong, 1999). However, leadership, trust and values are more essential in resolving interpersonal conflicts compared to group-to-group situation. Interpersonal conflicts mainly result from differences in personality, poor communication, cross-cultural differences and task conflicts between two or members in an organization (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). Power struggles and poor leadership within an organization may also lead to instances of conflicts among the staff. The first step is to identify the underlying causes of conflict. Accordingly, I believe the conflict expert will then create urgency for a solution thr ough identifying the detrimental impacts of the conflict to the workplace. Successful leaders must be able to identify the possible negative impacts such as decline in profitability, poor relationships among conflicting employees, poor customer service and lack of cooperation within the organization (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). According to my modified model, the next step will involve creating a favorable environment for resolving the conflict. This step will involve use of essential leadership qualities such as ability to ensure open communication, ability to encourage dialogue and appreciate diversity of opinions among the conflicting parties (Jeong, 1999). In addition, the conflicting parties

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Alzheimer’s disease is slowly progressive and irreversible brain disease which is one of the most common cause of dementia [1]. In AD patients not only suffer from cognitive but also motor and sensory loss [2]. Although the mechanism of AD is not well understood still AD pathology is characterized by extra cellular amyloid-ÃŽ ² deposits and interacellular neurfibril tangles formation of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Being irreversible and neurological damaging disease, its very important to detect and diagonse at earlier or at some controlable time point. Some useful AD diagonstic biomarkers are required for this purpose. These biomarkers should also fullful the criteria of usefulness for AD detection. Biomarkers should become abnormal with the progression of disease in other words they should be dynamic and correlate with clinical symptom and severity of disease [3]. Recent research on use of specific AD biomarker for disease staging in vivo shows that AÃŽ ² dynamically correlates with disease at different stages of disease progression[4] [5]. But AÃŽ ² level varies in patients. Which suggests, through process of AÃŽ ² production starts earlier but AÃŽ ² as a biomarker only is not relibale, therefore alternative biomarker must be found along with AÃŽ ² generation process. Figure1. Biomakers and AD early detection Source; Modified from Ingelsson, M et al 2004. [4] AÃŽ ² can be produced through proteolytic processing of APP (amyloid precursor protein), which takes central position in AD pathogenesis. APP is single-pass transmembrane protein with larger ectodomain. Although the physiological functions of APP are not well known but has neuroprotective function and positive effect on cell growth [6]. APP is mainly produced in neurons and rapidly metabolized by secretase enzymes through alternative splicing by two pathways [7] [8]. Nonamyloidogenic processing of APP involving two secretases ÃŽ ±-secretase and ÃŽ ³-secretase while in amyloidogenic processing ÃŽ ²-secretase (identified as transmembrane aspartase protease BACE1) and ÃŽ ³-secretase are involved. Product generated during both processings have soluble ectodomain (sAPP ÃŽ ± and sAPP ÃŽ ²) respectively along with identical product called AICD (intracellular C-terminal fregmenets)[9]. More importantly amyloidogenic processing generates AÃŽ ², a sequence contained by sAPP ÃŽ ² part. In brain APP processing generates mainly AÃŽ ²40 and AÃŽ ²42 based on 40 and 42 amino acids residues depending on secretases ( see secretase table 1) through alternative splicings [10]. Along with regulatory subunits of ÃŽ ³-secretase complex, catalytic subunits presenilin1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 ( PS2) are involved mainly in deciding the length of these toxic form of AÃŽ ². These toxic forms of AÃŽ ² can aggregate and form plauqe that has more toxic effect [11]. With the progression of AD, symptoms also spread along with it depending on the vlunerability of different party of nervous system. More vlunerable areas are suppose to be effected earlier to others, the reason AD smptoms appear in different regions in a sequential order and consistency, although meachnism is poorly understood. Out of these early symtoms, one is olfactory impairement [12], which suggest olfactory system is one of the early vlunerable region during AD progression. Therefore finding the correlation between early phenomen of APP processing and one of ther earlier vlunerable area of nervous system might lead to valueable insights. This research has focused on APP processing in peripheral structures, the olfactory epithelium(OE), as well as CNS structures responsible for processing of incoming olfactory signals such as olfactory bulb(OB). The present study found unique APP processing in OE that has significance in providing not only possible biomarkers (including 25kDa, 55kDa and 80kDa) that can be used for screening and detection of AD before plaque formation but also for treatment purpose. Additionally, PS2 increased level was found in OE that possibly involved in unique APP processing and might also be crucial for understanding the ÃŽ ³-secretase role and controlling AD through ÃŽ ³-secretase as a therapeutic target. Table 1. Secretases responsible for APP processing. MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIAL AND METHODS 1.1. Animal 1.1 .1. Transgenic Alzheimer’s disease model Tg2576 mice In this study, heterozygous Tg2576 mice were used, which express a human amyloid-ÃŽ ² precursor protein (APP) variant linked to Alzheimer’ disease, as developed and described previously [21].Age-matched non-transgenic littermates were served as wild-type control. All animal experiments were approved and conducted in accordance with guidelines of Ethic Committee of Seoul National University DGIST. Transgenic Alzheimer’s disease model Tg6799 mice Another AD model used in this study was Tg6799 mice, which expresses human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with three familial Alzheimer’s disease point mutations and two human presenilin1 mutations thus also known as 5x FAD mice. Both of these mutation types mainly contribute to increased production of AÃŽ ²42 [22]. Age-matched non-transgenic littermates were served as wild-type control. All animal experiments were approved and conducted in accordance with guidelines of Ethic Committee of Seoul National University DGIST. Table2. Transgenic models used for this study. Olfactory behavioral analysis Food buried, behavior test was performed to measure the mice smell ability to find a buried food pellet using olfactory cues as previously described [23] [24] [25] [26]. Olfactory test was taken blindly without revealing any genotypic information of mice before and during the experiment. Mice were deprived of food around 35 hours with free access to water. Before starting the experiment, adaptation time was provided 5~10 min to let them adapt in new prepared cage with new bedding material. This step was important for mice to be adapted to the new environment so that they would able to focus on finding food in a new environment. Similar cage were prepared with bedding material depth approximately 5 cm and food pellet was buried 2.5 cm below the surface. Latency or cut-off time ~15 min maximum was provided to each mice to find buried food. Latency time was recorded, as time between mouse inserted into the cage and grasping the food pellet, precisely using video tracking software and sy stem (EthoVision xt 9).

Intraorganizational Conflicts Essay

In the discourse about the assessment and management of intraorganizational conflict within an organization, Jessica Katz Jameson underscores the various facets of these conflicts. These include the sources of conflict, their characteristics, the management strategies and the desired outcomes. However, of interest here is how the author characterizes the sources of these conflicts. In this presentation, an attempt to unveil the characterization of the sources of conflict without examining the attributes and the form taken by the conflicts is an effort in futility. According to Jameson (1999), conflicts arise when interdependent parties have very unlike and incompatible mindsets and interests. Intraorganizational conflicts take different forms depending on the source Sources of Informal Conflicts. Informal conflicts take the form of informal arguments or differences in points of view and opinions between co-workers, employees and supervisors, between factions within an organization or even interdepartmental Conflicts. Informal conflicts occur mainly due to differing values, beliefs, opinions as well as perception regarding to how work should be accomplished (Jameson 1999). Shapiro and Rosen (as cited in Jameson, 1999) further categorized informal conflicts as those whose sources are relational differences and those that arise from differences in opinions as to how tasks ought to be carried out. Relational differences include personal differences between members of an organization or differences in opinion regarding to leadership style. Task conflict on the hand has to do with differences in matters regarding to authority and/or responsibilities as well as differences in perception and interpretation various issues. Others[1] have utilized words such as subjective conflicts and objective conflicts in trying to categorize various forms of conflicts. Sources of formal conflicts. Formal conflicts are of a different dimension. They are characterized by formal complaints about such issues as: Contravention of human rights within an organization or policy violations. In several instances, formal conflicts result in legal action usually by an employee against an organization. Formal conflicts occur due to issues regarding to dismissal, benefits, absentee policies, safety standards, discrimination, rules and regulations of work and promotions. Employees feel that they are not being treated fairly. Formal conflicts have been a subject of much interest in recent times due to the rising number of costly court cases between the employees and organizations. Question 2. Is it important or necessary in an organization to understand the sources of conflict within an organization, as we have an autocratic structure that can impose a resolution? Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization is important because of the following reasons: a) It can help in unearthing potential conflicts before they happen. Usually conflicts do not just happen but follow a distinct pattern that can be detected by knowledgeable persons. Early detection would allow for action that would ensure that the conflict never gets out of hand. This would result in saving the parties involved time money and misery. b) It assists the disputants, managers and third parties involved in selecting the most suitable method of resolving particular conflicts. An imposed resolution may serve an important purpose in a conflict resolution but may fail to achieve the most satisfying solution for the parties involved. There are differing concerns and interests that form the conflict resolution goals for the parties and these have to be put into consideration when seeking a resolution strategy. Some of these interests include: Cost reduction, timeliness, privacy and confidentiality, fairness, maintaining relations and establishing a precedent. These concerns may not be adequately addressed if a resolution has to come from an autocratic authority with an own interest and concern. c) Autocratic Structure of conflict resolution would be of little use in formal conflicts that are likely to result in litigation. Litigation is an undesired outcome due to the costs incurred by either party (time and money); especially depending on the way the judgment goes. Litigation has served to increase the need for dispute systems within organizations. d)Â   Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization assists in the development of effective organizational conflict management. This creates a conducive work environment and reduces work related stress. This would in turn have a positive effect on employee satisfaction and productivity. Understanding sources of conflict should thus be a goal that is pursued by all members within an organization.

Non-Profit Marketing- Problems and Future Challenges

Marketing is being blamed for creating materialism in society and also for creating unnecessary demand for Products and Services, which the customer would not have asked for. It is because of marketing that the suppressed desires of the materialistic world take over the moral man and loads into being a hedonist.But people also feel that marketing is responsible for what has happened to the world over the years and what will happen in the future. People belonging to their school of thought are of the opinion that marketing creates surplus in the form of profit and profit making organization in turn, spend their returns on designing and development product and services, which enhanced the standard of living of people and deliver desired value to consumers.The latter school is guided by Adam Smith’s principles of ‘Invisible Hand: Both the schools of thought try to rationalize the existence of marketing as an economic process, either to create and distribute value or to deli ver value to consumers. The scope of business was confined to economic transactions between the producer and marketers. Though each of them part of the social Institutions and operated under social framework and structure, it was realized very late that marketing can also be used to address social issues.In a traditional sense, marketing is broadly defined as process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of Ideas products and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. A broader definition of marketing delved into the process of social exchange in which both producers and marketers looked into the effects of product conception development, design, distribution and delivery of products from social point of view.Marketers also started viewing marketing tools and strategy as vehicles for application in the context of non-business enterprises like government, public sector and charities. Here onwards marketing wa s looked as a change vehicle and potent weapon for bringing desired effects on responsible corporate social behavior use of marketing tools in the social context started in the middle of the last century when organization with and without profit motives started mass campaigns for a cause or an idea.A successful social information campaign should have a high level of monopoly so that there should not be any contradicting messages to the objective of the campaign. However, many of the social campaigns in a free society have complementary or alternate campaign, which do not allow them to have certain level of monopoly. Let us take an example of an anti-smoking campaign. Though the message, â€Å"smoking causes cancer† is evident everywhere and firms marketing tobacco-related products mention this line over their products, but there are campaigns on cigarettes and liquor that promote lifestyle patterns.Mass and information-oriented campaigns depend on the favorable public attitud e. Pre-existing attitudes are easier to reinforce than to change. Non – Business Marketing The Non- business Marketing involves marketing activities carried out by individuals and organizations to achieves some goals other than normal business goals explained in the form of returns on investments, growth or increase in the profit. We can classify non –business marketing as social marketing and non – profit marketing Types of Non-Business Marketing Social Marketing Concept for Non-Profit Organization [NPO]Non-profit organizations work the motto of sub serving social interests. They may or may not charge for the services offered. The defined principal of social marketing makes it essential that the organizations where the conceptualization process is to switch on place social interests at the top of the agenda. The policy and strategic decisions of non-profit organizations while conceptualizing marketing focuses on satisfaction of consumers irrespective of the fac t that they pay for the services offered or are offered free of cost services .Social marketing is an activity of the non-profit organization. We find social marketing employing the use of the marketing concept in an effort to persuade consumers to accept social ideas beneficial to society at large. These organizations vary from the trade and professional associations to community, national and international organizations. We find non-profit organization dealing with two basic market segments – Donors and Clients. They subscribe to the objectives that cannot be measured in financial terms. They are concerned with the people, places and ideas as well as product and services.The donors may or may not necessarily receive any products to note services in exchange for donations/contributions. It is also significant that non-profit organizations offer products/services to those in need and even may not be able to absorb the cost of the product/services. For example the services off ered by an educational and health institutions occupy a place of outstanding significance and it is against this background that citizens of a country have a right users of services can’t be uniform and therefore they are supposed to work with the motto of serving the society without making profit.Because we find these services , of late , depending upon the supporting infrastructural facilities known as inputs, these service institutions engaged in offering the aid have a to generate surpluses so that the expansion, development, modernization programmes are practiced to activate the process of qualitative –cum- quantitative transformation. It is in this context that we find these institutions working as a non-profit organization. More over we can’t neglect the instrumentally of health services for the survival and growth of human beings.The basic medical aid is considered to be a fundamental right of all citizens of the country. It is but natural that all segme nts of society are not in a position to afford the medical services if we find hospitals making profits. Of course, they need time honored development which requires infrastructural support. In other hand it is responsibility of non-profit organizations and the governments create awareness on blind beliefs, safe sex, cotangential diseases and social evils. Social organizations bear the responsibility of regulating the government policies, these institutions are come forward and safeguard the social interest.They are extended multi-dimensional support through different categories of organizations for that very purpose. If they start making profits, the social interests would not be protected. Thus, we find Social Welfare Organizations is working as a Non-Profit Organizations because they don’t have a legitimate right to make profit. Non- Profit Organizations- Marketing [NPO-Marketing] We are well aware of instrumentality of non-profit organizations in sub serving social intere sts. This draws our attention on the professional excellence of people managing such organization.Because we find marketing a managerial process, it is essential that professional managing the affairs is made aware of the positive contribution of nonprofit organizations and develop marketing resources in the face of evolving changes. The formulation of a sound marketing mix becomes significant when we think of conceptualizing and implementing modern marketing principles in non-profit organizations. A professionally sound manager bears the efficiency of developing marketing resources in tune with the changing levels of expectations and therefore the task of satisfying the users become easier.We also find marketing a social process to be more specific while managing the non-profit organizations. It is right to mention that social marketing governs marketing of non-profit organizations because policy decision makers are supposed to formulate such a policy as to safeguard social interes ts. The professionals responsible for conceptualization and implementation bear the responsibility of formulating a strategy opening new vistas for social transformation.The marketers, while promoting the interests of users, need to make sure that directly or indirectly, the policies or strategies are not to obstruct the process of social welfare. Of course they also need to protect organizational interests because we can’t think of raising the contributions of non-profit organization to the process of social transformation unless they are financially sound. So, it is essential that marketers managing the affairs are well aware of the avenues for the mobilization of financial resources.EXISTANCE PROBLEMS BEFORE NON-PROFIT SECTOR A majority of the non-profit organizations are today facing image problems of high magnitude. They are facing the problem of professional deficiency. Financial crunch has made them potentially insolvent. The infrastructural constraints, managerial def iciency, lack of dedicated and committed people, decreasing contributions towards social transformation, increasing domination of social climbers, increasing insensitivity among different segments of society, large scale misuse of funds have fuelled the process of egeneration and the situations are found explosive. We find different types of non-profit organizations, viz. , organizations such as Religious, Social Cultural, Knowledge, Protective, and Philanthropic, Political and Social today facing critical problems, not only in India but also in the globe. While we realize the outstanding contributions of non-profit organizations in the welfare activities, we find them in poor condition. The management legends feel that whatever problems we notice can be resolved if professionals take part in the innovation process.They strongly advocate in favors of developing the non-business sector with the help of world-class professionals. As of today, the multi-faceted challenges have made the m potentially weak. 1. Problem of Professional Deficiency Professional excellence will help in bringing the derailed systems back on its track. Of late most of the non-profit organizations face the problem of managerial deficiency. Financial resources are inadequate and whatever is generated is being mismanaged and misused. The traditionally managed units are facing strategically and tactical problems.They are controlled and dominated by social climbers. Bureaucrats dominate the management and control processes with ulterior motives and mission. Virtually a majority of them are at a collapsing stage needing a special care of the professionals. The world class professionals may contribute significantly to the development processes and the non-profit organizations may witness qualitative improvements. 2. Infrastructural constraints The non-profit organizations have been facing the problem of infrastructural constraints. Since they are not making profits, the infrastructural facilities are minimal.The government or infrastructural industries do not extend to them adequate support. Of late, infrastructural facilities have been playing a lead role in improving the quality of services but due to inadequacy of infrastructure, they find it difficult to generate funds. This naturally has adversely affected the quality of their services and aggravating the image problem. They are unable to offer even key core services. 3. Lack of dedicated and committed people A majority of the non-profit organizations are facing the problem of nadequacy of quality people when they are not professionally sound, how we can expect from them personal commitment and value orientation. The development is a natural phenomenon. Education and training facilities should be of world class otherwise there can be no question of making available to the various sectors quality people without which all out efforts prove to be the effective. An organization dominated by non-performers can’t surv ive. The NPOs, of course, do not realize the instrumentality of quality people in the process of qualitative or quantitative transformation. 4.Increasing domination of social climbers It is unfortunate that social climbers are dominating the management and control of a majority of the non-profit organizations. If professionals replace social climbers the present and future of an organization can be positive. Degeneration in the working of political organizations has led to this sorry state. The mafias, antisocial elements, criminals have started handling the political organizations who are responsible for formulating sound policies. The policy and strategic decisions made by the anti-social elements have thrown the organizations in the reverse gear.Political parties, non-government organizations, trade unions, educational institutions and the police department have failed in the discharge of their duties since they are dominated by the vested interests like social climbers and mafia s. 5. Increasing insensitivity among masses The most significant reason aggravating the magnitude of the problem is increasing in sensitivity among different segments of the society. Nobody considers it significant to perceive the problems correctly. All of us find it difficult to confront the mafias and anti-social elements. So, they are dominating a majority of the organizations.How we can forecast the future of non-profit organizations. Non-profit organization can contribute substantially to the process of social welfare, if masses are sensitive to the issues as otherwise all the development processes will receive only Luke-warm or even negative response. Mass-participation is an effective prescription to resolve the problems of the society. 6. Large-scale misuse of funds Willingly or unwillingly, we have to accept that a majority of the non-profit organizations are involved in promoting misuse of funds. This is because they are dominated by the social climbers.Fraudulent and unf air practices, unregulated, unproductive expenses are aggravating the problem of financial crunch which is instrumental in the formation of a vicious circle. Since they misuse funds, the donors and potential donors are reluctant to come forward with donations. The mobilization of donors is now complicated and the most important reason is the rampant misuse of funds by the Non-profit Organizations. 7. Decreasing contributions to the society A number of non-profit organizations have not made any significant contributions to the development process.The task of social transformation is their responsibility but they are not to increase their contributions. This has made it difficult for them to get public recognition. Contribution of an individual or an organization is closely related to their potentials and if they are potentially bankrupt, we cannot expect anything concrete from them. This problem indicates that the non-profit or non-business sector is facing numerous problems. We find different types of NPOs and in the Indian context by and large most of them are sailing in the same boat.In the coming years, the magnitude of problem is likely to aggregate because nobody seems interested in resolving the issues. The non-profit organizations thus need an effective prescription, based on a big push theory, in which aggressive marketing practices can be effective. Since it is a social problem, social participation is a must. Mass-participation for mass-welfare will be helpful in different ways. FUTURE CHLENGES OF NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS [NPOs] IN INDIA NPOs are facing several problems and this delays their redressed are and even there is no bright future.In the Indian context where the people are depending on the contributions of non-profit organizations, rational solutions alone can improve their functioning. Against this background, the non-profit organizations should resort to innovative marketing practices. If we look into some of the important non-profit organ izations, their performance results are very disappointing. ?Non-Government Organizations [NGOs] What Do Non-governmental Organizations Do? Nongovernmental organizations are one group of players who are active in the efforts of international development and increasing the welfare of poor people in poor countries.Nongovernmental organizations are largely staffed by altruistic employees and volunteers working towards ideological, rather than financial, ends. Their founders are often intense, creative individuals who sometimes come up with a new product to deliver or a better way to deliver existing goods and services. They are funded by donors, many of them poor or anonymous. Yet these attributes should not be unfamiliar to economists. Development NGOs, like domestic nonprofits, can be understood in the framework of not-for-profit contracting.It is easy to conjure up a glowing vision of how the efforts of NGOs could focus on problem solving without getting bogged down in corruption or bureaucracy. But the strengths of the NGO model have some corresponding weaknesses—in agenda setting, decision making, and resource allocation. We highlight three factors in explaining the increased presence of NGOs in the last few decades: a trend towards more outsourcing of government services; new ventures by would-be not-for-profit â€Å"entrepreneurs†; and the increasing professionalization of existing NGOs.The prime responsibility of a government is to promote social welfare so that weaker segment and neglected region of the country get an opportunity to develop; but in the large and high populated courtiers it is not possible to the government to look after all the sections of the society and the government endorsed some of the welfare programes to the trusted and registered NGOs. In India, we observed that the large numbers of NGOs are involving different type’s welfare programmes in different areas in the country.The objective of any mission is to prom ote social interests by offering a number of services to various segments of society in the country. In this process, they get financial aid and other incentives from government, foreign donors, international and national agencies. Of late, there is negative trend since a majority of the NGOs work with different motives. The domination of social climbers in according and approving grants has virtually changed the scenario. A good number of international and national NGOs i. e.UNDP, CARE-India, World Vision, Action Aid, Plan International, YMCA, CHAI, States Lively Hood Projects, RASS-Tirupathi, ARTIC-Srikakulam, THREAD-Orissa, BASIX-Hyderabad, Ajim Preamjee Foundation and BCT-Visakhapatnam only exist on papers. With the support of political leaders and bureaucrats, they succeed in transforming even the profit-making bodies in the NGOs. The recent report of CAPART bears testimony to this almost all the states, the NGOs have proved to be liability because except a very few cases, almo st all of them are engaged in maturing malpractices.The unfair practices promoted by the social climbers and a few the bureaucrats lead to unhealthy development. The sanction and approval of the projects are seldom based on the potentials of persons to promote and manage the project but on the pressure and influence they can wield. No one is opposed to the development of NGOs since this help the downtrodden communities, women & Child, HIV/AIDS and neglected regions; but the unfair practices should be eliminated. Against this background, there are cases in favor of conceptualizing social marketing by the NGOs.The NGOs have no legal right to make profits. Therefore, the professionals, with innovative marketing practices, should try to improve their working conditions so that they can contribute significantly to the development process and succeed in removing the image problem. The marketing professionals involved in the process will be able to achieve qualitative improvements with the help of an innovative service mix. Currently, the NGOs are facing numerous problems.The increasing influence of social climbers and wrong people in the power corridors should be minimized and this is possible only when we assign due weight age to the approval and sanction process. The professionals, policy makers, promoters, social reformist and activists have to determine the priority areas for future success. ?Educational Institutions In the category of non-profit organizations, we find educational institutions playing an outstanding role. At almost all the levels, educational institutions experience numerous problems. The state policy makers should herefore think over the problem on a priority basis. At the primary, secondary and higher levels, the educational institutions are in a depleted condition. How can we talk about the government managed institutions when a majority of the private institutions present a very gloomy picture? On the one hand, there is a change in the educa tion system because in today’s conditions, expensive infrastructural facilities play an important role in improving the quality of education but because of paucity of fund, they find it is difficult to develop even the basic infrastructural facilities.The libraries, labs, supporting infrastructural facilities and the quality of faculty play an important role in improving the quality of education, but a majority of the government managed educational institutions find it difficult to promote the quality of their service mix, party, on account of financial crunch and partly because of professional deficiency. With an increasing pressure of population, the demand is increasing. The users and potential users have high expectations since they witness their counterparts elsewhere in the world available of world class educational facilities which are denied to them.Weaker sections of the society and the illiterate segments need educational assistance as they cannot afford the expensi ve educational facilities offered by some of the privately managed schools and colleges. The universities also present the same picture. Right from the primary to the higher, almost all the centers are in a poor condition and two important reasons obstructing them are inadequacy of finance and lack of professional excellence. The syllabi of the traditionally managed educational institutions are not in tune with the emerging trends and evolving developments.There is no corresponding relation between the formal and informal education, leading to a number of allied problems. The public fail to get informal education and this obstructs the process of developing quality people. The limited number of people getting education in the world class institutions may be professionally sound but a majority of them lack informal education. They are totally unaware of traffic and civic sense and aesthetic values which keep them ignorant of work culture, conviction and commitment.So, it is necessary that educational institutions in general make ensure that both the streams of imparting educational assistance, formal and informal, are given due importance. A majority of the problems are due to inadequacy of finance and the process of mobilization of financial resources is difficult. The image problem is obstructing their professionalized efforts. They find it difficult to raise the fee structure and the donors and potential donors are disinterested in their problems. The grants from government or other agencies have shrunk.Thus they are facing a number of problems on the financial front. There appears to be no way for an improvement in their financial position. It is against this background that we recommend the urgency of conceptualizing social marketing principles by these educational institutions. Professionalize services open the doors for multi-dimensional improvements. The marketing professionals using innovative marketing strategy will be able to improve their position. Of late there has been an attitudinal change as the parents in general are quite interested in quality education.In a majority of the cases they prefer to avail of quality services even if the fee structure is high. Of late expenditure on education is considered a productive investment and this has led to a qualitative transformation. Financial institutions and commercial banks are now evincing interest in resolving the problems of the weaker sections of the society who are not unable to afford expensive quality services. Where the educational institutions are performing well and playing a positive role in the development of quality people, it is quite natural that people develop a positive attitude towards them.This will also motivate the donors and potential donors since they witness productive use of their money. This broadens the avenues for the mobilization of financial resources. Since they have been making positive contributions to the process of development, the government w ould also evince interest in providing adequate grants. Then the social welfare organizations too would come forward to solve their financial problems. The marketing professionals, with the help of a sound service mix, will be successful in improving the quality of the core and peripheral services.The core services can help them in regaining the lost image, while the peripheral services will add additional attractions to their service-mix. When the educational institutions find themselves financially sound, development requirements will be conveniently fulfilled. The marketing professionals will find it easier to promote since they have made positive contributions. The public will become aware of the outstanding performance of the educational institutions leading to a better mage. The fee structure should be made optimal to improve the financial health of the educational institutions. The users will not hesitate to invest because they find justifications for the same. The infrastruc tural facilities can be enriched and the development of faculty would get due attention Thus, the marketing professionals can play a positive role and the educational institutions would emerge as an industry contributing significantly to the process of developing quality people.The mission will then be achieved since the vision has changed. The organizational goals of improving the quality, satisfying the users, developing the educational institution and increasing the number of satisfied group of users can conveniently be accomplished with the removal of image problem and the educational institutions will start contributing significantly to the process of human capital formation vis-a-vis socio-economic transformation. ConclusionTo strengthening the Non-profit/Not-for-Profit/NGOs sector through a radical restructuring of the government machinery, a radical change in the prevailing mindset of policy makers and corporative giants and a radical reallocation of resources in order to ma ke the people themselves the principal authors of their own future. They must be provided easy access to economic advantages they frequently are not entitled to benefit. They must not be treated as beggars/slavers and dependent downtrodden segments of society but as equal partners.Such a dramatic change requires a vigorous, broad-based participatory dialogue and committed leadership- leadership with clear vision and daunting courage.References: 1. Marketing Management –Second Edition-Tapan K Panda-Excel Books, New Delhi 2. Marketing Non-Profit Organizations –First Edition- S. M. Jha-Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai 3. Educational Marketing- Services Marketing -2002- S. M. Jha-Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai 4. Marketing for Non-Profit Organizations- 2004-P. kotler-PHI 5. CAPART Reporting – Floating NGO is Good Business-TOI/23/10/01